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The scale

LevelNameBehaviorExampleRisk mapping
L1AssistiveSuggests. Human decides AND executes.Copilot autocompleteMinimal
L2SuggestivePrepares action. Human confirms.”Send email? [Y/n]“Minimal
L3SupervisedActs. Human can veto (time window).Order processor, 10-sec reviewLimited
L4AutonomousActs on its own. Human gets logs.Customer support bot 24/7Limited
L5Fully AutoActs without notification. No human.Trading bot, autonomous recruiterHigh

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Auto-detection from code

Complior’s autonomy-analyzer.ts scans AST for human gate patterns and unsupervised actions: 
human_approval_gates > 0 && unsupervised == 0     → L2
human_approval_gates > 0 && unsupervised > 0       → L3
human_approval_gates == 0 && unsupervised > 0 && logging  → L4
human_approval_gates == 0 && unsupervised > 0 && !logging → L5
nothing detected                                    → L1
Additionally detects killSwitchPresent — used for oversight.override_mechanism.

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Impact on passport

Autonomy level directly affects:
  • Risk class (L5 → high risk, L1–L2 → minimal)
  • Applicable articles (high-risk gets Art.6, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 26, 27, 49, 50)
  • Oversight block (generated only for high-risk or L3+)
  • Deployer obligations (more obligations for higher autonomy)